Learning Through Pictures: A Study of Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Visual Images (dissertation, UMass) 

by James W. Mangan

(published as an article Mangan, J. (1978) Cultural Conventions of Pictorial Representation: Iconic Literacy and Education. Educational Communication and Technology: A Journal of Theory, Research, and Development; v26 n3 p245-67 Fall 1978.)

Abstract: Accurate interpretation of visual images involves the learning of methods for representing three-dimensional reality on a two-dimensional surface. There are many instances where a given culture exercises its iconic expression. Discussion and comparison of cultural differences is presented and illustrated.

We learn how to see. Unschooled, illiterate learners may not possess certain skills necessary for understanding visual images.

Cultural differences in perception is more subtle and numerous than most educators suspect.

The author concludes that there are both cultural and cognitive limitations to the ability to understand pictures. These limitation must be taken into account when designing learning materials not only for rural villagers in Dr. Mangan's study, but the global villagers in the world.

Another example is from Mangan's dissertation.

Bear pictures from different cultures.

Some skills on computers are transferable. Knowing one kind of word processor makes the other one easier to learn. If a user gets comfortable with one application, it becomes easier to use another program, even in a different computer platform. (Mac and PC) Just like knowing how to bike or drive a car is a transferable skill.

Although there are some differences, people who are computer literate (meaning how to use application,,,) will be able to change platforms and figure out the differences and use them comfortably.