STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 26:

WAR AND REVOLUTION, 1914-1920

TERMS, PEOPLE, AND EVENTS

Sarajevo	Franz Ferdinand	Princip
Caporetto	Schlieffen Plan	Plan XVII
Young Bosnian Society	Central Powers	Allies
First Battle of Marne	Tannenberg	Erich Ludendorff
Brusilov	Somme	Verdun
Paul von Hindenburg	Masurian Lakes	Lemberg
Joseph Joffre	Henri Petain	Robert Nivelle
Passchendaele offensive	Gallipoli	Jutland
U-boats	Easter Rebellion	V. I. Lenin
Arthur Balfour	Balfour Declaration	Russian Civil War
unrestricted submarine warfare	Woodrow Wilson	“Black Jack” Pershing
Zimmermann telegram	Ludendorff offensive	Ferdinand Foch
Georges Clemenceau	David Lloyd George	Council of Four
"Fourteen Points"	League of Nations	Reds and Whites
Treaty of Versailles	War Guilt Clause	Nicholas II
Bloody Sunday	soviets	Rasputin
Georgi Lvov	Provisional Government	Alexandr Kerenski
Mensheviks	Bolsheviks	Leon Trotsky
April Theses	Treaty of Brest-Litovsk	Lusitania
Aleksei Brusilov	Douglas Haig	Caporetto
Triple Entente	Triple Alliance	July Days
Erich von Falkenhayn	Social Democrats

KEY GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS

Dalmatia	Gallipoli Peninsula	Serbia
Sarajevo	Bosnia	South Tyrol
Lithuania	Byelorussia	New Mexico
Latvia	Arizona	Texas
Brussels	Ukraine	Georgia
Somme River	Flanders	Czechoslovakia
Marne River	Hungary	Marne River
Ypres	Estonia	Yugoslavia

QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER

1. Who and/or what were responsible for the outbreak of World War I?

2. On the eve of war, British foreign minister Sir Edward Grey exclaimed, "The lights are going out all over Europe. We shall not see them lit again in our lifetime." Was he right? Did global conflict extinguish the "lights" of European society?

3. Was the war fought the same way on the eastern and the western fronts? On which front did the pattern of warfare come closest to the prior expectations of European military strategists? Why?

4. In what ways did World War I approach the idea of “total war”? Why was it bigger, more destructive, and more encompassing than previous wars? What social groups participated in new ways in the war effort?

5. What did the Treaty of Versailles seek to do? What was the significance of its “war guilt clause”?

6. What factors precipitated the Russian Revolution(s)? Why did the Czar fall, and why were the Bolsheviks able to overthrow the Provisional Government that succeeded him so easily?