STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 22:

 

SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND POLITICAL UPHEAVALS, 1815-1850

 

 

 

TERMS, PEOPLE, AND EVENTS

 

Congress of Vienna

Castlereagh

Louis XVIII

Second Peace of Paris

Talleyrand

Alexander I

Frederick William III

Pius VII

German Confederation

Quadruple Alliance

Holy Alliance

"social question"

Victoria

Liberalism

John Stuart Mill

David Ricardo

iron law of wages

utilitaria

nationalism

Herder

Friedrich List

romanticism

Germaine de Staël

Victor Hugo

Louis Kossuth

Conservatism

Edmund Burke

Carlsbad decrees

"Metternich system"

Fourier

Socialism

Proudhon

Peterloo massacre

Saint-Simon

Karl Marx

Louis-Philippe

phalanxes

Four Ordinances

Risorgimento

Charles X

Philhellenic movement

Mazzini

July Monarchy

Young Italy

Chartism

Treaty of London (1827) 

Great Reform Bill of 1832

Louis Napoleon

rotten/pocket boroughs

"sweated labor"

national workshops

proletariat

Louis Blanc

Congress Poland

Provisional Government

Factory Act of 1833

Lajos Kossuth

Frankfurt Assembly

Jeremy Bentham

“humiliation of Olmutz”

Immanuel Kant

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Red Shirts

“banquet” campaign

Luxembourg Commission

Franz Josef

Luddism

Friedrich Wilhelm IV

Charles Albert

 

 

KEY GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS

 

Kingdom of Netherlands

Piedmont-Sardinia

German Confederation

Congress Poland

Chios

Swedish Pomerania

Romania

Frankfurt

Savoy

Nice

Berlin

Genoa

Galicia

Posen

Krakow

Dublin

Budapest

Prague

Baden

Hesse-Darmstadt

Württemberg

Hanover

Schleswig

Holstein

Kingdom of Two Sicilies

Piedmont

Tuscany

 

 

 

QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER

 

1.         Did the Congress of Vienna and the alliance system it created restore pre-revolutionary order in Europe?  Or did they create a new balance of power?

 

2.         In the early nineteenth century, how were liberalism and nationalism related?  Did they derive their inspiration from similar sources?  Or did they have different roots? 

 

3.         When middle-class Europeans talked about liberty and political rights in the nineteenth century, what did they have in mind?  How did social and economic experiences lend this political concept different meaning for different groups? 

 

4.         Compare the causes and results of the 1830 Revolutions with those of 1848.

 

5.         Broadly speaking, what were the political goals of nineteenth-century European liberals, conservatives, and socialists?  Do their contemporary counterparts still want the same things?

 

6.         To what degree were poverty and economic stagnation responsible for the problems Paris faced in the nineteenth century?  Given the appalling living conditions most Parisians faced, could their city really be considered "modern"?