STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 19:

CULTURE AND SOCIETY IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY EUROPE

TERMS, PEOPLE, AND EVENTS

chamber music	Joseph Haydn	philosophes
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart	Voltaire	Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Marquise du Châtelet	David Hume	Montesquieu
Deists	John Locke	Cesare Beccaria
Samuel von Cocceji	Patent of Toleration	physiocrats
Adam Smith	Francis Place	bourgeoisie
grandees	hidalgos	peerage
gentry	Grandes	entail
primogeniture	salons	novel
companionate marriage	Thomas Malthus	positive check
preventive check	wet nurses	blood sports
laissez-faire	Candide	Encyclopedie
Denis Diderot	Condorcet	coffeehouse
engrosser	Skepticism	tabula rasa
foundling hospital	workhouse

KEY GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS

Bath	Cirey	Lisbon
Champagne	Bordeaux	Brighton
Hamburg

QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER

1. Was the impact the Enlightenment different in eastern and western Europe? Where were its effects most profound, and why?

2. Broadly speaking, how did different social classes experience the social and cultural changes of the eighteenth century?

3. How did social and economic dislocation affect families in eighteenth-century Europe? How and why were notions of companionship, privacy, and childhood transformed in this period? Which segments of the European population were influenced most by these developments?

4. According to the authors, "the paradox of the eighteenth century was that for the masses life was getting better by getting worse." What do they mean by this? Do you agree or disagree?

5. What impact did population growth have on eighteenth-century European society?