TERMS, PEOPLE, AND EVENTS

"Eastern Question" Battle of Sinope Nicholas I

Crimean War Alexander II Florence Nightingale

Peace of Paris (1856) Cavour plebiscite

Treaty of Plombières Victor Emmanuel II Otto von Bismarck

Seven Weeks' War dual monarchy Franco-Prussian War

Reichstag Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III) Maximilian

Baron Georges Haussmann Chevalier-Cobden Treaty Reform Bill of 1867

William Gladstone Benjamin Disraeli Third Republic

intelligentsia Great Exhibition of 1851 Paris Commune

Fyodor Dostoyevsky Charles Darwin natural selection

Georg Hegel proletariat Friedrich Engels

labor theory of value Risorgimento Realpolitik

mir Zollverein Seven Weeks’ War

Reform Bill of 1832 Suez Canal zemstvos

“Will of the People” Cult of domesticity Karl Marx

realism Sevastopol Gustav Flaubert

KEY GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS

Danubian Principalities Crimea Moldavia

Wallachia Bessarabia Romania

Schleswig Holstein Bosporus

Black Sea Sea of Marmara Dardanelles

Sevastopol California Argentina

Mexico Galapagos Islands Alsace

Lorraine Romagna Nice

Savoy Bosporus

QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER

1. Did German and Italian unification represent dreams come true for the revolutionaries of 1848? Or were they dreams gone wrong?

2. With Napoleon I and Napoleon III in mind, Karl Marx famously argued that history occurs the first time as tragedy and the second time as farce. Do the actual careers of the two monarchs bear him out?

3. How did new concepts of domestic life complement new norms of economic life in the second half of the nineteenth century?

4. Frederick Engels said, "Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, Marx discovered the law of development of human history." Were the "scientific" philosophies of Marx and Darwin compatible? Or were they mutually antagonistic?

5. Whose government was most effective in the second half of the nineteenth century, Great Britain’s, France’s, or Russia’s? Why?

6. What was Realpolitik? How well did major European political leaders uphold this ideal after 1850?